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→Brief introduction: adding information and tweaking formatting
(→Brief introduction: sketching the cost structure of a simple w:import/w:export/w:international trade shop .. not everything fits easily into fixed or variable cost category) |
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'''[[w:Timeline of international trade|Timeline of international trade]]''' streches from ancient times to modern fairly globalized globe of today. | '''[[w:Timeline of international trade|Timeline of international trade]]''' streches from ancient times to modern fairly globalized globe of today. | ||
'''Multidirectional [[w: | '''[[w:Multidirectional]] [[w:import]]/[[w:export]] == International trade''' | ||
:+ [[w:Revenue]] aka. [[w:turnover]], [[w:income]] | ==== Balances and flow statements ==== | ||
:- [[w:Fixed costs]] ( | |||
::- [[w: | An '''[[w:income statement]]''' (also referred to as '''''profit and loss statement (P&L)''''', '''''revenue statement''''', '''''statement of financial performance''''', '''''earnings statement''''', '''''operating statement''''' or '''''statement of operations''''') is a company's [[w:financial statement]] that indicates how the [[w:revenue]] (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") is transformed into the [[w:net income]] (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as Net Profit or the "bottom line"). It displays the revenues recognized for a specificperiod, and the [[w:cost]] and [[w:expense]]s charged against these revenues, including [[w:write-off]]s (e.g., [[w:depreciation]] and [[w:amortization]] of various [[w:asset]]s) and [[w:tax]]es. The purpose of the income statement is to show [[w:Management|managers]] and [[w:investor]]s whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
::- [[w: | |||
:- [[w:Variable costs]] ( | Example for small scale import/export business [[w:Income statement]]: | ||
:''''+ [[w:Revenue]]''' aka. '''[[w:Top line]]''', '''[[w:turnover]]''', '''[[w:income]]''' and '''[[w:cash flow]]''' | |||
:'''- [[w:Fixed costs]]''' ( | |||
::- [[w:Personel]] costs | |||
::- [[w:Facilities]] and [[w:office]] and [[w:bookkeeping]] [[w:cost]]s ) | |||
:'''- [[w:Variable costs]]''' ( | |||
::- [[w:Unit price]] x lot size | ::- [[w:Unit price]] x lot size | ||
::- [[w:Duty (economics)|Duties]] and [[w:tariffs]] or in case of [[single-market]] or [[free trade area]] no need | ::- [[w:Duty (economics)|Duties]] and [[w:tariffs]] or in case of [[w:single-market]] or [[w:free trade area]] no need | ||
::- [[w:Logistics]] and [[w:warehousing]] | ::- [[w:Logistics]] and [[w:warehousing]] | ||
::- [[w:distribution]] costs | ::- [[w:distribution]] costs | ||
::- | ::- [[w:VAT]] | ||
: ) | : ) | ||
:________________________________ | :________________________________ | ||
:='''[[w: | :== '''[[w:Net income]]''' - also referred to as the '''bottom line''', '''net profit''', or '''net earnings''' - is an entity's [[w:income]] minus [[w:expenses]] for an [[w:accounting period]]. | ||
To understand what's going on with a [[w:business]] in addition to having an [[w:income statement]] one must also have knowledge of where the capital is, what is it's cost and it's payoff i.e. the '''[[w:Balance sheet]]''', then you can calculate all sorts of fun [[w:metrics]] like [[w:Return on equity]] and [[w:return on investment]] etc. | |||
:::''' much more information in the notes for [[DEC#Accounting|Accounting 1]] | |||
=== Courses in English === | === Courses in English === | ||