Law: Difference between revisions

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== Law ==
= Law =


=== Business law ===
== Business law ==


{{Q|'''Talousoikeus''' on [[w:fi:yksityisoikeus|yksityisoikeuden]] alue, johon kuuluvat [[w:fi:markkinaoikeus|markkinaoikeus]], [[w:fi:maa- ja vesioikeus|maa- ja vesioikeus]] sekä [[w:fi:työoikeus|työoikeus]] ja [[w:fi:ympäristöoikeus|ympäristöoikeus]].
{{Q|'''Talousoikeus''' on [[w:fi:yksityisoikeus|yksityisoikeuden]] alue, johon kuuluvat [[w:fi:markkinaoikeus|markkinaoikeus]], [[w:fi:maa- ja vesioikeus|maa- ja vesioikeus]] sekä [[w:fi:työoikeus|työoikeus]] ja [[w:fi:ympäristöoikeus|ympäristöoikeus]].
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* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]'''
* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]'''


=== Types of business entity in a nutshell ===
== Types of business entity in a nutshell ==


A [[w:business]] may be one of the following:  
A [[w:business]] may be one of the following:  
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::Parent company of [[w:Lidl]] is a Stiftung and Lidl Suomi is a limited partnership and the other players, the S-group customer owned cooperative and the K-Group is a PLC ( Kesko Oyj ) with Ltd's owned by the merchant.
::Parent company of [[w:Lidl]] is a Stiftung and Lidl Suomi is a limited partnership and the other players, the S-group customer owned cooperative and the K-Group is a PLC ( Kesko Oyj ) with Ltd's owned by the merchant.


=== Resources ===
== Resources ==
* [http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]
* [http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]
* Book: Access to Finnish Law
* Book: Access to Finnish Law


=== Resources in Finnish / Resurssseja Suomeksi ===
== Resources in Finnish / Resurssseja Suomeksi ==
* [http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legistlation of Republic of Finland and more online]
* [http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legistlation of Republic of Finland and more online]
* [http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland] is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legistlated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. '''Free entry.'''
* [http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland] is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legistlated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. '''Free entry.'''


=== Law classes ===
== Business Law classes ==
==== Law class week 4 ====
=== Law class week 4 ===
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU
* in [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus )
* in [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus )
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Non-[[w:incorporated|incorporated]] businesses include [[w:types of business entity|among others]] '''[[w:General partnership]]''' ( [[w:fi:Avoin yhtiö]] ) and '''[[w:Limited partnership]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kommandiittiyhtiö]] )
Non-[[w:incorporated|incorporated]] businesses include [[w:types of business entity|among others]] '''[[w:General partnership]]''' ( [[w:fi:Avoin yhtiö]] ) and '''[[w:Limited partnership]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kommandiittiyhtiö]] )


==== Law class week 5 ====
=== Law class week 5 ===
Topics: Compensation law, Product liability  
Topics: Compensation law, Product liability  


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#) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia )
#) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia )


==== Law class week 7 ====  
=== Law class week 7 ===  
Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] )  deals with '''[[w:contract]]s'''
Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] )  deals with '''[[w:contract]]s'''


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* '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia )
* '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia )


==== Law class week 9 ====
=== Law class week 9 ===
Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law
Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law
*'''[[w:Companies law]] ''' (or the [[w:law of business associations]]) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' is a subset of companies law relating to incorporated bodies.
*'''[[w:Companies law]] ''' (or the [[w:law of business associations]]) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' is a subset of companies law relating to incorporated bodies.
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* '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' (a '''convertible debenture''' if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition )
* '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' (a '''convertible debenture''' if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition )


==== Law class week 10 ====
=== Law class week 10 ===
Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up
Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up


==== Law class week 11 ====
=== Law class week 11 ===
Final examination
Final examination


== Navboxen ==
{{Law}}
{{Law}}

Revision as of 09:20, 5 September 2013

Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior”

~ Wikipedia on law


“In law particular case interpretations are deduced from the general law.”

~ Teacher on application of laws



Law

Business law

Talousoikeus on yksityisoikeuden alue, johon kuuluvat markkinaoikeus, maa- ja vesioikeus sekä työoikeus ja ympäristöoikeus. ”

~ Suomenkielinen Wikipedia on talousoikeus


Commercial law, also known as business lawJulkisoikeus, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.It is often considered to be a branch of civil law ( w:fi:Säädösoikeus )and deals with issues of both private law ( w:fi:Yksityisoikeus ) and public law ( w:fi:Julkisoikeus ). ( Wikipedia )

This article outlines commercial law and contains among other things

Types of business entity in a nutshell

A w:business may be one of the following:

All companies are businesses, but not all businesses are companies.

"Incorporated" means it forms a w:legal personality ( w:fi:oikeushenkilö ) of it's own and

the owners are never liable for it's liabilities.

In a non-incorporated ( w:fi:henkilöyhtiö ) there is at least one person who has personal liability for the liabilities of the business. The w:silent partner ( hiljainen yhtiömies ) in a limited partnership does not have liability for the businesses liabilities.
Further information: w:Types of business entities ( Contains list for all types of businesses for all w:locales )
Parent company of w:Lidl is a Stiftung and Lidl Suomi is a limited partnership and the other players, the S-group customer owned cooperative and the K-Group is a PLC ( Kesko Oyj ) with Ltd's owned by the merchant.

Resources

Resources in Finnish / Resurssseja Suomeksi

Business Law classes

Law class week 4

Levels of negligence

  • Minor negligence
  • w:Negligence ( The area of tort law known as negligence involves harm caused by carelessness, not intentional harm. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Gross negligence is a legal concept which means serious carelessness. ( Wikipedia )
  • Willful intention

w:Corporate law (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how w:shareholders, directors, w:employees, w:creditors, and other stakeholders such as w:consumers, the w:community and the environment interact with one another. Corporate law is a part of a broader w:companies law (or law of business associations).

Relevant corporate laws in Finland are w:fi:Osakeyhtiölaki for LTD's and w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki for PLC's.

Non-incorporated businesses include among others w:General partnership ( w:fi:Avoin yhtiö ) and w:Limited partnership ( w:fi:Kommandiittiyhtiö )

Law class week 5

Topics: Compensation law, Product liability

  • Compensation law
  • In law, Damages ( w:fi: )are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Product liability ( w:fi:Tuotevastuu is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Force majeure ( w:fi:Force majeure is a common clause in contracts that essentially frees both parties from liability or obligation when an extraordinary event or circumstance beyond the control of the parties, such as a war, strike, riot, crime, or an event described by the legal term act of God (such as hurricane, flooding, earthquake, volcanic eruption, etc.), prevents one or both parties from fulfilling their obligations under the contract. ( Wikipedia )

Making a contract:

  1. ) Preparatory stage
  2. ) Contract period
  3. ) End of contract
w:Boilerplate (text) is any text that is or can be reused in new contexts or applications without being changed much from the original. ( Wikipedia )

Protecting w:intellectual property( w:fi:Immateriaalioikeus ) :

  1. )A 'patent (/ˈpætənt/ or /ˈpeɪtənt/) ( w:fi:Patentti ) is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of w:exclusive rights granted by a w:sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.
  2. ) w:Utility model ( small patent )( w:fi:Hyödyllisyysmalli )
  3. ) A w:trademark ( w:fi:Tavaramerkki ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia )

Law class week 7

Topics: Contract law ( w:fi:Sopimusoikeus ) deals with w:contracts

  • A w:waiver is the voluntary relinquishment or surrender of some known right or privilege. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Good faith ( w:fi:Bona fide )- In w:law, bona fides denotes the mental and moral states of honesty and conviction regarding either the truth or the falsity of a proposition, or of a body of opinion; likewise regarding either the rectitude or the depravity of a line of conduct. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Labour law (also called labor law or employment law) is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, w:working people and their organizations. ( Wikipedia )
  • In contract law, w:rescission has been defined as the unmaking of a contract between parties.[1] Rescission is the unwinding of a transaction. This is done to bring the parties, as far as possible, back to the position in which they were before they entered into a contract (the w:status quo ante). ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia )

Law class week 9

Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to w:Consumer protection ), Companies law

  • w:Articles of association ( w:fi:yhtiöjärjestys ) is a document which, along with the memorandum of association (in cases where the memorandum exists) form the company's constitution, defining the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert control over the board of directors. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Preferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares or simply preferreds) is an equity security with properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Convertible bond or a convertible note (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of bond that the holder can convert into shares of w:common stock in the issuing company or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition )

Law class week 10

Topics: w:Company law continues, wrap-up

Law class week 11

Final examination

Navboxen