Natural therapeutics

Nature provides us with many healing agents but these are often pushed to the periphery of public knowledge to ensure big pharma profits.

Disclaimer: User:Jukeboksi is not a doctor or a scientist, but just a concerned citizen.

Why natural therapeutics: In the Spring of 2017 my late dad, Mauri Heikkurinen (RIP) fell ill with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). I had heard on a cursory level that cannabinoids could help with cancer so I started doing a little research on how CBD oil could help my dad's condition. The natural therapeutics article grew out of that. Dad passed away in September 2017, but I am hopeful that the information in the article can help people find relief from natural therapeutics for their condition.

Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's and cannabis

Cannabis has been found to be beneficial for Alzheimer's sufferers. Especially true this is for THC which inhibits the formulation of toxic beta amyloid protein plaque on braincells which causes Alzheimer's disease.

Scientific research about Alzheimer's and cannabis

• 'Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology: Cannabis and Alzheimer Disease (AD)', a 2018 perspectives article
• News (2016): "Cannabinoids remove plaque-forming Alzheimer’s proteins from brain cells" @ salk.edu - Preliminary lab studies at the Salk Institute find THC reduces beta amyloid proteins in human neurons

Links about Alzheimer's disease and cannabis

• https://www.forbes.com/sites/abbierosner/2019/02/26/cannabis-for-parkinsons-and-alzheimers-diseases-an-interview-with-dr-ethan-russo/#10fc5c765dd6

• Wikipedia article on Alzheimer's disease research has only a few words about cannabis therapeutics and those are very sceptical.

Alzheimer's and turmeric

• 'Optimized Turmeric Extract Reduces β-Amyloid and Phosphorylated Tau Protein Burden in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice' suggests that turmeric may be useful for Alzheimer's sufferers as it has been shown to inhibit beta amyloid aggregation and secretation in mice.

Alzheimer's and ginger

Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease

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Antibiotics from nature

Antibiotic blackberries

Ripe, ripening and raw blackberries

Blackberries kill antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Irish teen awarded prize for discovery.

Antibiotic cannabis leaves

Cannabis leaves found effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Studies about antibiotic cannabis

• 'In vitro antibacterial activity of Cannabis sativa leaf extracts to some selective pathogenic bacterial strains', a 2014 open-access research paper

Links about antibiotic cannabis

• https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/blog-marijuana-will-be-an-antibiotic-for-the-future-n366

Antibiotic thyme

Thymus vulgaris shoot

Thyme contains w:thymol, which is a natural antibiotic. Oil of thyme, the essential oil of common thyme (w:Thymus vulgaris), contains 20–54% thymol and other substances. (Wikipedia)

• 'Thyme essential oil found to cure just about any infection of the throat and lungs' at GetHolisticHealth.com (2019 article)
• 'Thyme Essential Oil for Pain Relief', a 2018 LiveLoveFruit.com article

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Asthma

Asthma and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about asthma and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com
• https://herb.co/learn/cannabis-asthama/
• 'THC Makes Cannabis Ideal for Treating Asthma, Study Shows' at Waking Times (2016)

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Autism

Autism and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about autism and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com
• http://www.newsweek.com/2018/02/23/really-good-weed-why-cannabis-may-be-worlds-most-effective-remedy-core-806758.html
• https://www.whatiscbd.com/cbd-for-autism/

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Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases and cannabis

Cannabis helps with many autoimmune diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and other properties.

Links about autoimmune diseases and cannabis

• https://herb.co/news/health/autoimmune-diseases/

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Rheumatoid arthritis and cannabis

Cannabis helps with Rheumatoid arthritis.

Studies about rheumatic diseases and cannabis

• 'The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease', a 2017 article

Links about Rheumatoid arthritis and cannabis

• http://ehealthmagz.com/2018/10/29/cannabis-could-be-reversing-damage-to-arthritic-joints/
• http://globalhealthtimes.com/2019/02/28/cannabis-could-be-reversing-damage-to-arthritic-joints/, a 2019 article
• https://herb.co/news/health/greenlight-medicines-cannabis-arthritis/
• '57% of Arthritis Patients Have Tried Cannabis. 90% Found It Helped' at Leafly.com, a 2019 article
• https://livelovefruit.com/cannabis-for-arthritis/
• 'Woman who uses cannabis to treat arthritis urges doctors to prescribe to patients in need' a 2019 article on newshub.co.nz

Rheumatoid arthiritis and ginger

“Gingerol seems to be effective in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and rheumatoid arthritis as of 2019-11

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Lupus and cannabis

Cannabis helps with Systemic lupus erythematosus

• https://herb.co/learn/best-cbd-strain-for-lupus/

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Coeliac disease and cannabis

Cannabis helps with Coeliac disease.

• https://herb.co/learn/celiac-disease-and-cannabis

Psoriasis and cannabis

You could also be looking for dermatitis, also known as eczema.

Cannabis helps with Psoriasis and when applied externally.

• https://herb.co/learn/cbd-lotion-psoriasis/
• https://herb.co/guides/cbd-oil-psoriasis-eczema/
• https://hightimes.com/health/treat-psoriasis-with-cannabis/

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Cancers

Cancers and turmeric

Curcumin has been found to have anti-cancer properties. Curcumin interferes with cancer via multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation.

• Study: Curcumin and Cancer Cells: How Many Ways Can Curry Kill Tumor Cells Selectively?
• General info: Turmeric and cancers article by Cancer Research UK

Cancers and cannabis

Key things everyone needs to know about cancers and cannabis

Warning: Smoking the cannabis as the method of cannabinoid delivery the smoke contains quite a few carcinogenic substances i.e. cancer inducing substances. See the section administering cannabis for alternatives to smoking it.

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Internet is rife with stories about winning the battle against cancer with the help of phytocannabinoids. What does the science say?

Cannabis is...

1. Anti-proliferative - cannabis is against tumor growth
2. Anti-metastatic - cannabis is against cancer spreading to other parts in the body because of metastatic activity
3. Anti-angiogenetic - cannabis is against new blood vein growth to tumor
4. Apoptotic - cannabis causes cancer cells to programmedly kill themselves via Apoptosis.
5. Pain relief - cannabis works very well against the somatic and nonsomatic pains brought on by cancer.
6. Appetite stimulator - cannabis helps maintain a good appetite.
7. Anti-nauseatic - cannabis helps with the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting if you receive chemotherapy. World's first study of cannabis for chemotherapy's negative effects is underway in Australia.

Phytocannabinoids are harmless to healthy cannabinoid receptor containing cells.

• Everything You Need To Know About Cannabis And Cancer Treatment, a 2017 article at herb.co
• These Are The 4 Ways Cannabis Kills Cancer, a 2016 article at herb.co

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Links about cannabis and cancer in general

Scientific articles

• 'The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer Diseases: Are We There Yet?' a 2019 peer-reviewed review article published in Frontiers in Pharmacology, a journal by w:Frontiers Media
• 'Integrating cannabis into clinical cancer care', a 2016 scientific article by D.I. Abrams, MD, published in w:Current Oncology
• "Anticancer mechanisms of cannabinoids", a 2016 paper published in Current Oncology
• "Cannabidiol as potential anticancer drug",a 2017 paper published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
• 'The heterogeneity and complexity of Cannabis extracts as antitumor agents', a 2019 research paper published in w:Oncotarget
• 'Integrating cannabis into clinical cancer care', a 2016 study published in the journal w:Current Oncology

Ongoing and upcoming cannabis and cancer

• 'Israeli Cannabis Outfit Cannbit Launches Cancer Study', a 2019 news item on calcalistech.com. The study will involve molecules found effective in fighting melanoma, neuroblastoma, and Glioblastoma.

"Official" information

• 'Marijuana and Cancer' by the American Cancer Society
• National Cancer Institute of USA on cancers and cannabis (health professional version)
• National Cancer Institute of USA on cancers and cannabis (patient version)

Cannabis and cancers advocacy

• A compendium of research regarding cancers and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• Cannabis Research A to Z, the letter 'C' at calgarycmmc.com
• Exposing The Truth: Links with abstracts to 123 scientific articles on cannabis and cancers
• http://www.healedbycannabis.com/ Healed by Cannabis website] by a cancer survivor David Triplett who healed his skin cancer with cannabis oil
• https://herb.co/news/health/cancer-institute-finally-admits-marijuana-kills-cancer/
• https://herb.co/news/health/us-govt-admits-marijuana-kills-cancer-cells/

Testimonies about cannabis and cancer

• Dr. Mark Sircus, Ac., OMD on cannabis curing cancer

Cancer surviving cases with cannabis

• Stan Ruthner survived non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Learn from videos by experts in phytocannabinoid treatment of cancers

People:

• Dr. Cristina Sánchez is a molecular biology research scientist who did her doctorate on cannabinoids and cancers. She is a leader in researching the anti-cancer qualities of cannabinoids. She works at the w:Complutense University of Madrid
• Dr. Manuel Guzmán also works as a molecular biology researcher on researching the potential of cannabis as a cancer medication in the Complutense University of Madrid.
• Dr. Wai Liu works on researching medical cannabis for cancer (among other things) at the w:St George's, University of London.

Videos

• Dr. Cristina Sanchez interview where she expains how apoptosis makes cancer cells kill themselves
• Dr. Cristina Sanchez on how cannabinoids work against cancers
• Dr. Cristina Sanchez at Cannafest Prague 2015
• Dr. Cristina Sanchez lecture in Australia (no slideshow shots, sorry)

See also: Cancers and turmeric (intra-article link)

Chemotherapy and cannabis

• 'Study: CBD From Marijuana Plus Chemotherapy Tripled Cancer Survival Rates In Mice', a 2018 news item on Forbes.com

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Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body. (Wikipedia)

Links

• 'Flavonoids May Be A Cancer-Fighter In Cannabis', a 2019 article on adenocarcinomas and flavonoids of cannabis at RXLeaf.com

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Brain cancer

A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine. (Wikipedia) A blastoma is a type of cancer, more common in children, that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells. (Wikipedia)

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, but it may potentially be treated with cannabis.

Brain cancer and cannabis

In 2018 Insys Therapeutics announced the the FDA has given CBD an orphan drug designation (ODD) to CBD for treating gliomas.

Studies about brain tumors and cannabis

• 'Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology: Cannabis and Brain Tumors', a 2018 perspective article

Links about brain cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about brain cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• https://herb.co/news/health/cannabis-treat-brain-cancer/
• https://herb.co/news/health/taylor-rehmeyer/

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about breast cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

Breast cancer and frankincense

A flowering Boswellia sacra tree

Boswellia is a genus of trees in the order Sapindales, known for their fragrant resin. The biblical incense w:frankincense was an extract from the resin of the tree Boswellia sacra, and is now produced also from B. frereana. (Wikipedia)

Scientific articles about frankincense healing

• 'Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses tumor aggressiveness in cultured human breast cancer cells', a 2011 in vitro study

Breast cancer and ginger

“Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel, breast tissue, ovaries, and pancreas, with positive results.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

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Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about cervical cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

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Colon cancer

Colon cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about colon cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

Colon cancer and ginger

“Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel, breast tissue, ovaries, and pancreas, with positive results.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

Colon cancer and dandelion root

The Dandelion Root Project at University of Windsor, Ontario has studied dandelion root since 2009 and they state on on their website:

“Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells.”

~ The Dandelion Root Project on anti-cancer properties of dandelion root water extract

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Langerhans cell sarcoma

Langerhans cell sarcoma and cannabis

Langerhans cell sarcoma is extremely rare.

• A Langerhans cell sarcoma survivor story, treated with full plant extract

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Leukemia

There are 2 main types of Leukemia:

• Myeloid leukemia (of the bone marrow)
• Lymphoid leukemia (of the lymphatic node)

Leukemia and cannabis

Links about Lymphoid and Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

• Dronabinol (synthetic THC) has preferential antileukemic activity in acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia with lymphoid differentiation patterns
• Enhancing the Activity of Cannabidiol and Other Cannabinoids In Vitro Through Modifications to Drug Combinations and Treatment Schedules, a 2013 study published in the journal Anticancer Research

Leukemia and ginger

“Gingerol and its analogues have a favourable toxicity profile, but are cytotoxic towards a range of cancer cell lines including blood cancer and lung cancer.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and blood cancer and lung cancer as of 2019-11

Lymphoid leukemia and cannabis

Links about Lymphoid leukemia and cannabis

• https://ocgreenrelief.org/medical-marijuana/cannabis-oil-acute-leukemia-2
• http://truemedmd.com/2014/06/cannabis-oil-acute-leukemia/

T cell leukemia and dandelion root

The Dandelion Root Project at University of Windsor, Ontario has studied dandelion root since 2009 and they state on on their website:

“Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells.”

~ The Dandelion Root Project on anti-cancer properties of dandelion root water extract

Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

Links about Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of reasearch on leukemia and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• http://www.leafscience.com/2013/10/14/cannabinoids-destroy-leukemia-cells-new-study-finds/
• https://medijane.co.za/disease-index/will-marijuana-cure-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-cannabis/

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and dandelion root

The Dandelion Root Project at University of Windsor, Ontario has studied dandelion root since 2009 and they state on on their website:

“Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells.”

~ The Dandelion Root Project on anti-cancer properties of dandelion root water extract

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Liver cancer

Liver cancer and cannabis

• https://herb.co/news/health/liver-cancer-cannabis/

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer and cannabis

Laboratory and mice studies seem to indicate that THC can slow down the growth of lung cancer tumours from growing by binding to the same receptors as epidermal growth factor (EGF): the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR).

Links to studies about lung cancer and cannabis '

• An article on a 2007 study on THC against lung cancer on sciencedaily.com
• Study: "Δ-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits growth and metastasis of lung cancer." presented at the 2007 AACR Annual Meeting
• 'Striking lung cancer response to self-administration of cannabidiol: A case report and literature review'

Compendiums of information on lung cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of reasearch on lung cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

Lung cancer and cannabis in the media

• Marijuana Compound May Fight Lung Cancer at abcnews.go.com
• Patient taking CBD oil found to have significant shrinking of the tumor (2019 article)

Lung cancer and ginger

“Gingerol and its analogues have a favourable toxicity profile, but are cytotoxic towards a range of cancer cell lines including blood cancer and lung cancer.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and blood cancer and lung cancer as of 2019-11

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Lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. (Wikipedia)

Lymphoma and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of reasearch on lymphoma and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• https://herb.co/news/health/hodgkins-lymphoma-cannabis/

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Oral cancer

Oral cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on oral cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

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Osteosarcoma

w:Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer.

Osteosarcoma and cannabis

• https://www.rxleaf.com/post/12004/colorado-teen-sent-home-to-die-from-bone-cancer-but-cannabis-got-him-back-to-school

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Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer and cannabis

Links to studies about ovarian cancer and cannabis

• 'KY Hemp-induced Modulation of Ovarian Cancer Cell Metastasis', a 2018 abstract presented at the Experimental Biology meeting. Inverse.com article on the study

Links to information about ovarian cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on ovarian cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

Ovarian cancer and frankincense

Links to articles about frankincense healing '

• 'Frankincense Effective in Killing Ovarian Cancer Cells, Study' reporting at www.universityherald.com (2013 news item) and reported again by 2019 popular article 'Frankincense found to outperform chemo in killing Ovarian Cancer cells' on GetHolisticHealth.com

Ovarian cancer and ginger

“Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel, breast tissue, ovaries, and pancreas, with positive results.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

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Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on pancreatic cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

• Medical cannabis extract could help pancreatic cancer patients live longer, early study suggests an 2019 article in the Independent

Studies about pancreatic cancer and cannabis

• 'GPR55 signalling promotes proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and tumour growth in mice, and its inhibition increases effects of gemcitabine', a 2018 study published in Oncogene. Forbes.com news item on the study 'Study: CBD From Marijuana Plus Chemotherapy Tripled Cancer Survival Rates In Mice'

Pancreatic cancer and ginger

“Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel, breast tissue, ovaries, and pancreas, with positive results.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

Pancreatic cancer and dandelion root

The Dandelion Root Project at University of Windsor, Ontario has studied dandelion root since 2009 and they state on on their website:

“Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells.”

~ The Dandelion Root Project on anti-cancer properties of dandelion root water extract

Studies about pancreatic cancer and dandelion root

• 'Selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy through treatment with dandelion root extract in human pancreatic cancer cells.', a 2010 study

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer and cannabis

Cannabis helps with prostate cancer.

• Extensive compendium of research on prostate cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• https://cannabishealthradio.com/blog/2017/09/18/episode-217-his-incurable-prostate-cancer-has-been-cleared-with-the-use-of-cannabis-oil/

Prostate cancer and dandelion root

• 'Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells', a 2008 study

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Skin cancer

Skin cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on skin cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• https://www.theroc.us/researchlibrary/Differential%20role%20of%20cannabinoids%20in%20the%20pathogenesis%20of%20skin%20cancer.pdf

Melanoma

Melanoma and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on melanoma and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com
• https://herb.co/learn/skin-cancer/

Melanoma and dandelion root

• 'The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells.', a 2010 study

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Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on testicular cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

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Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research on thyroid cancer and cannabis at calgarycmmc.com

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Common cough

Common cough and pineapple

Pineapple is effective cough medicine due to its Bromelain content.

Pineapple fruit and it's stem contain Bromelain, an enzyme with anti-cough properties.

In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain accounts for many therapeutic benefits like the treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and thrombophlebitis, debridement of wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly antibiotics.

Common cough and elderberries

Elderberries

Elderberries (or Elder) belong to the genus w:Sambucus and may be useful for various kinds of flu.

• https://www.getholistichealth.com/78315/elderberry-eliminate-cold-flu/ lists a few studies that found it effective
• https://nccih.nih.gov/health/euroelder just states that more studies must be done to determine if it helps with flus

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Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease and cannabis

Study shows THC helps with Crohn's disease.

• 'Medical Cannabis' by the Gastrointestinal Society (of Canada)
• Extensive compendium of research about Crohn's disease and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com
• 'Cannabis relieves symptoms in Crohn's disease', a 2018 article at MedicalNewsToday.com
• 'Crohn's Patients See 65% Remisson in Placebo/Cannabis Clinical Trial', 2019 reporting by RXLeaf.com
• https://theheartysoul.com/cannabis-crohns-disease-treatment-remission/

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy and cannabis

Full extract cannabis oil in a syringe for easy dosing and travel is usually administered in drops to the gums or under the tongue.

Cannabis can be used to treat epilepsy.

Studies about epilepsies and cannabis

• 'Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology: Cannabis and Epilepsy, a 2018 article
• 'Efficacy and adverse event profile of cannabidiol and medicinal cannabis for treatment-resistant epilepsy:', a 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis

Links about epilepsies and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about epilepsy and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

• https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-6302465/Epileptic-boy-nearly-sectioned-attends-school-day-cannabis-oil.html
• http://sorendreier.com/boy-with-100-seizures-a-day-now-has-none-after-taking-cannabis-oil/
• http://www.rosintech.com/how-cannabis-concentrates-can-help-those-with-epilepsy/

Dravet syndrome

Dravet syndrome and cannabis

w:Dravet syndrome, previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is a type of w:epilepsy with seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or w:fever.

In a 2018 trial 'A prospective open‐label trial of a CBD/THC cannabis oil in dravet syndrome' the reasearchers found that when treating Dravet syndrome with 50:1 CBD:THC-ratio oil "There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life, reduction in EEG spike activity, and median motor seizure reduction of 70.6%, with 50% responder rate of 63%.". CTVNews.ca article 'Cannabis oil with THC may help treat kids with severe epilepsy' reporting on the study

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Dermatological conditions

Dermatological conditions and cannabis

• 'The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Dermatology', a 2018 review published in the Skin Therapy Letter.

#Psoriasis and cannabis is listed under autoimmune diseases.

Dermatitis

Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin that includes atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis and stasis dermatitis. (Adapted from Wikipedia)

• Extensive compendium of research about dermatitis and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com
• https://herb.co/guides/cbd-oil-psoriasis-eczema/

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Lyme disease

Lyme disease and stevia

Lyme disease also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium named Borrelia spread by ticks.

Stevia rebaudiana

Stevia is a sweetener and sugar substitute extracted from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana, native to Brazil and Paraguay.

Stevia works against the Lyme disease.

Links about stevia and Lyme disease

• https://www.healthspiritbody.com/lyme-disease-treatment/
• https://livelovefruit.com/stevia-kills-lyme-disease/

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Migraines

Migraines and cannabis

It has been suggested that clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome (CEDS) may be causing migraines. Many studies found medical cannabis as an effective prophylaxis against migraine attacks, especially the high CBD strains.

Scientific articles about migraines and cannabis

• 'Emerging Role of (Endo)Cannabinoids in Migraine', a 2018 mini-review, where they summarize recent discoveries and present new hypotheses on the role of cannabinoids in controlling trigeminal nociceptive system underlying migraine pain.
• 'Short- and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis on Headache and Migraine', a 2019 open access article published in The Journal of Pain of the American Pain Society placed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
• 'Effects of Medical Marijuana on Migraine Headache Frequency in an Adult Population', a 2016 study published in Pharmacotherapy

Compediums about migraines and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about migraines and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

Links to articles about migraines and cannabis

• CBD Testers article on treating migraines with medical cannabis and link to the study 'Effects of Medical Marijuana on Migraine Headache Frequency in an Adult Population' at PubMed that the article is talking about.
• Abstracts of studies on migraines and medical cannabis at migrainebuds.com
• https://www.rxleaf.com/migraine-relief
• 'Marijuana Treats Migraine Pain Better Than Prescription Medication, Study Finds', a 2017 news item on Forbes.com

Pain

Pain and cannabis

“You just don't feel like thinking about the pain.”

~ Apotheker Jukeboksi on somatic pain relief with cannabis

“There is more to it than that.”

~ Science on above quote

Cannabis is anti-inflammatory which helps relieve some of the pain. Pain is a signal of inflammation so counter-acting inflammation causing things cannabis naturally helps lower the pain.

Scientific articles about cannabis as an anti-pain agent

• 'Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55', a 2019 review article in Frontiers in Pharmacology published by w:Frontiers Media
• 'Cannabis shenanigans: advocating for the restoration of an effective treatment of pain following spinal cord injury', a 2018 article published in Spinal Cord Series and Cases

Links about cannabis as an anti-pain agent

• 'How cannabis produces molecules to relieve pain is discovered', a 2019 article at CannabisGround.com

Collections of information on pain management with cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about pain relief and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease and cannabis

Scientific studies on the issue of Parkinsons and cannabinoids

• 'Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology: Cannabis and Parkinson Disease (PD), a 2018 perspective article
• A 2016 scientific review article: Marijuana Compounds: A Nonconventional Approach to Parkinson's Disease Therapy

Compendiums of research

• Extensive compendium of research about Parkinson's disease and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

Articles in media

• https://www.forbes.com/sites/abbierosner/2019/02/26/cannabis-for-parkinsons-and-alzheimers-diseases-an-interview-with-dr-ethan-russo/#10fc5c765dd6
• https://herb.co/marijuana/news/cannabis-and-parkinsons-disease
• https://tonic.vice.com/en_us/article/paykwm/weed-could-help-prevent-certain-brain-diseases
• https://scienceofparkinsons.com/2016/09/25/cannabis/

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Non-somatic issues

Non-somatic issues with cannabis

Cannabis can help with various non-somatic problems such as psychiatry, depression and PTSD.

• 'The pursuit of happiness and what cannabinoids have to do with it', a fundacion-canna.es article by Tanja Bagar

Depression

Depression and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about depression and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

Psychosis

Psychosis and cannabis

Studies about psychosis and cannabis

• 'Opposite effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology.' - a 2010 study published in w:Neuropsychopharmacology (journal)
• 'Effect of Cannabidiol on Medial Temporal, Midbrain, and Striatal Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis', a 2018 randomized controlled trial

Articles about psychosis and cannabis

• 'Harvard Study Proves Cannabis Does Not Cause Schizophrenia' a 2019 article at CannabisActivismNow.com
• 'Psychosis: Cannabis extract normalizes brain function' a 2018 article at MedicalNewsToday.com refers to studies regarding CBD having an anti-psychotic effect
• 'Brain scans show how cannabis extract may help people with psychosis' (2018) article at TheGuardian.com

PTSD

PTSD and cannabis

Studies about medical cannabis for PTSD

• First ever clinical trial of medical marijuana for PTSD sponsored by w:Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies to start at the Scottsdale Research Institute in Arizona (2016) Update on phase 2 of the study (2017). High Times reports the clinical trial completed in 2019 results coming later on.

Scientific studies about cannabis and PTSD

• 'Brain-imaging study links cannabinoid receptors to post-traumatic stress disorder: First pharmaceutical treatment for PTSD within reach' (2013) at ScienceDaily.com
• 'The Effectiveness of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)', a 2019 systematic review.

Links about medical cannabis for PTSD

• Extensive compendium of research about PTSD and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com
• https://www.leafly.com/news/health/cannabis-and-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
• https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Marijuana-May-Cure-PTSD-208900021.html
• 'PTSD Linked to Pre-Existing Endocannabinoid Deficiency', a 2019 article at RXLeaf.com

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SARS and cannabis

• 'Cannabis Indica speeds up Recovery from Coronavirus', a 2020 study

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Sclerosis

“In medicine, sclerosis is the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.”

~ Wikipedia on Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cannabis

Cannabis helps with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and motor neurone disease (MND).

• Extensive compendium of research about Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cannabis

Cannabis is very good against Multiple sclerosis. Prince Charles knew of this way back in 1998.

Scientific articles about MS and cannabis

• 'Cannabis and Multiple Sclerosis—The Way Forward' at FrontiersIn.org

Compendiums of knowledge about MS and cannabis

• Extensive compendium of research about Multiple sclerosis and cannabis compiled by calgarycmmc.com

Links about MS and cannabis

• 'Multiple Sclerosis & Cannabis: It’s All About The Terpenes', a 2017 article
• https://herb.co/news/health/marijuana-and-ms
• https://www.learngreenflower.com/articles/440/treating-multiple-sclerosis-with-cannabis

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Seizures

Seizures and cannabis

• https://medium.com/@ahealthycrew/cannabis-oil-replaces-22-pills-for-little-boy-with-seizures-d0b22ea6be09

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Strokes

Strokes and cannabis

• 'Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis', a 2014 meta-review published in the w:Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 'Study: Cannabis May Help Reduce Brain Damage Caused By Ischemic Strokes', an MedicalJane.com article on the study

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Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury and cannabis

Cannabis can help in healing from TBI

• 'Cannabis Therapeutics and the Future of Neurology: Cannabis and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)/Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)', a 2018 perspective article

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Garden

Blackberries

Ripe, ripening and raw blackberries

Blackberries kill antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Irish teen awarded prize for discovery.

Uses

1. Antibiotic

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Boswellia genus - Frankincense

A flowering Boswellia sacra tree

Boswellia is a genus of trees in the order Sapindales, known for their fragrant resin. The biblical incense w:frankincense was an extract from the resin of the tree Boswellia sacra, and is now produced also from B. frereana. (Wikipedia)

In vitro studies have found boswellia sacra essential oil to induce w:apoptosis and to suppress tumor agressiveness in #Breast cancer

Medical professional testifies to frankincense oil killing cancer

Links to articles about frankincense healing '

• 'Frankincense found to outperform chemo in killing Ovarian Cancer cells' 2019 popular article on GetHolisticHealth.com
• 'Holy Smoke: Frankincense and Cannabis as Medicinal Incense', an review article at EmeraldPharms.com

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Cannabis

Rare 11-leafer Cannabis sativa

Male Cannabis sativa plants in late flowering stages.

Cannabis can be applied to treat a wide assortment of illnesses. In this case it is called medical cannabis.

Cannabis is the oldest and most versatile medicine known to humankind.

Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are the main cannabis variants though most strains are mixes of these. A third cannabis line is the Cannabis ruderalis, a rugged northern cannabis that has adapted to flower even under northern long summer days.

Cannabis therapeutics

Some sources report cannabis useful against

1. #Alzheimer's and cannabis - very strong evidence from in vivo studies
2. #Autoimmune diseases and cannabis
   1. #Rheumatoid arthritis and cannabis
   2. #Lupus and cannabis
   3. #Coeliac disease and cannabis
   4. #Psoriasis and cannabis
3. #Antibiotic cannabis leaves
4. #Asthma and cannabis - bronchodialator
5. #Autism and cannabis - many miracle stories
6. #Cancers and cannabis - strong evidence of anti-cancer properties
   1. #Brain cancer and cannabis
   2. #Breast cancer and cannabis
   3. #Cervical cancer and cannabis
   4. #Colon cancer and cannabis
   5. #Langerhans cell sarcoma and cannabis
   6. #Leukemia and cannabis
   7. #Lymphoid leukemia and cannabis
   8. #Myeloid leukemia and cannabis
   9. #Liver cancer and cannabis
   10. #Lung cancer and cannabis
   11. #Lymphoma and cannabis
   12. #Oral cancer and cannabis
   13. #Ovarian cancer and cannabis
   14. #Pancreatic cancer and cannabis
   15. #Prostate cancer and cannabis
   16. #Skin cancer and cannabis
   17. #Melanoma and cannabis
   18. #Testicular cancer and cannabis
   19. #Thyroid cancer and cannabis
7. #Crohn's disease and cannabis
8. #Epilepsy and cannabis - very promising results
9. #Dravet syndrome and cannabis
10. #Dermatological conditions and cannabis
11. #Migraines and cannabis
12. #Pain and cannabis
13. #Parkinson's disease and cannabis
14. #Non-somatic issues with cannabis
    1. #Depression and cannabis
    2. #Psychosis and cannabis
    3. #PTSD and cannabis
15. Scleroses
    1. #Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cannabis
    2. #Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cannabis

1. #SARS and cannabis
2. #Seizures and cannabis
3. #Strokes and cannabis
4. #Traumatic brain injury and cannabis

Due to the inbuilt default to always take the safe route and also to backup the back of your fellow MD colleague the Wikipedia does not yield the right infos on how useful and versatile a medication cannabis is.

Research has been held back by arcane laws even as cannabis is the oldest medicine known to man and it should be gladly appreciated and not outlawed because of big pharma interests.

Medical cannabis research and information organizations

• International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines is also available in German, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian
• The Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids is a Canadian non-profit organization
• The Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research at the University of California
• Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research and Innovation by the govt of New South Wales

External links about cannabis as medicine

• http://www.calgarycmmc.com/ a large compendium on medical cannabis sorted alphabetically by ailment.
• http://www.cannabisconnections.tk/2018/03/700-medicinal-uses-of-cannabis-sorted.html
• http://expand-your-consciousness.com/100-scientific-studies-agree-cannabis-annihilates-cancer/ about 100 nih.gov studies linked some cases briefly described.
• https://healer.com/ - a website by Dr. Dustin Sulak D.O. - a renowned integrative medicine physician based in Maine, whose practice balances the principles of osteopathy, mind-body medicine and medical cannabis.
• Harvard Health Blog article on medical cannabis is naturally very reserved about not raising too much hopes
• 71 medical uses of cannabis compiled by LearnGreenFlower.com
• http://medicalcannabisreport.com/700-medicinal-uses-of-cannabis-sorted-by-disease/ (.pdf from 2012 downloadable from the linked page)
• https://www.rxleaf.com/clinical-research-into-cannabis-for-cancer-has-never-been-better/

Literature about cannabis as a medicine

• BPJ Volume 163, Issue 7 - 'Special Issue:Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine, Part I.' a 2011 special issue of w:British Journal of Pharmacology.
• 'Special Issue: Themed Section 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research', Volume 176, Issue 10 of the British Journal of Pharmacology.
• MARIJUANA AS MEDICINE? - The Science Beyond the Controversy (full book online), a somewhat skeptical and reserved book published in 2000 that you can read online from The National Academies Press.
• MARIHUANA: THE FORBIDDEN MEDICINE (excerpts from the book online), a 1997 book by Lester Grinspoon, M.D and James Bakalar, J.D
• 'Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research', a 2019 open access peer-reviewed edited volume (available online and in hard copy)

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Anecdotal testimonies about medical cannabis

• Anecdotal testimonies on medical cannabis at calgarymmc.com
• Anecdotal testimonies on medical cannabis at rxmarijuana.com

The endocannabinoid system

Main article in wikipedia Endocannabinoid system

Endocannabinoids are synthesized by our own bodies from Arachidonic acid, an essential polyunsaturated Omega-6 fatty acid.

Scientific articles about the endocannabinoid system

• 'Modulating the endocannabinoid system in human health and disease--successes and failures', a 2013 scientific article
• 'Care and Feeding of the Endocannabinoid System: A Systematic Review of Potential Clinical Interventions that Upregulate the Endocannabinoid System', a 2014 article
• 'Fatty Acid Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System and the Effect on Food Intake and Metabolism', a 2013 article
• 'The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease', a 2017 article
• 'Endocannabinoid system: Role in depression, reward and pain control' (Review), a 2016 article
• 'Care and Feeding of the Endocannabinoid System: A Systematic Review of Potential Clinical Interventions that Upregulate the Endocannabinoid System', a 2014 systematic review
• 'Fatty Acid Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System and the Effect on Food Intake and Metabolism', a 2013 study
• 'The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease', a 2017 article
• 'Potential for endocannabinoid system modulation in ocular pain and inflammation: filling the gaps in current pharmacological options', a 2018 article
• 'Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 and Endocannabinoids: Implications for Brain Health and Diseases', a 2016 peer-reviewed chapter.
• 'Endocannabinoids and pregnancy', a 2010 literature review
• 'Endocannabinoid system, a target to improve cognitive disorders in models of Down syndrome', a 2019 animal model study found downregulating CB1 receptors beneficial for the mice.
• 'The Endocannabinoid System, Our Universal Regulator', a 2018 undergraduate research paper published in the Journal of Young Investigators

Articles about the endocannabinoid system

• 'Introduction to the Endocannabinoid System' at NORML (.org)
• 'Endocannabinoid Basics' at MedicinalGenomics.com
• 'How and Why Your Brain Makes its Own Cannabinoids', a 2016 article by Hemp Edification blog
• Endocannabinoids – Beyond the Brain is a good 2017 article on the Hemp Edification blog] adapted from Your Body Is Teeming with Weed Receptors, a 2017 article on the website the-scientist.com and Endocannabinoids in the Groove, a 2017 article on the website the-scientist.com
• http://profofpot.com/endocannabinoid-receptors/

The endocannabinoid receptors

Prevalence of endocannabinoid receptors in the human body. Photo credit: ThanasStudio

Human body contains 2 types of endocannabinoid receptors CB₁ and CB₂, but cannabinoids have interactions also on some other receptors.

CB₁ receptors

CB₁ receptors predominantly located in the nervous system, connective tissues, gonads, glands, and organs.

CB₂ receptors

CB₂ receptors, primarily found in the immune system and also present in the spleen, liver, heart, kidneys, bones, blood vessels, lymph cells, endocrine glands, and reproductive organs.

Endocannabinoids

Anandamide, an endogenous ligand of CB₁ and CB₂

The two main endocannabinoids are Anandamide and 2-AG.

Anandamide

Anandamide was discovered in 1992 and it binds to both CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. The name comes from the Sanskrit word 'Ananda' meaning 'bliss' and amide from its chemistry.

It has been referred to as the endocannabinoid version of THC.

Synthesis of Anandamide: Arachidonic acid -> Phosphatidylethanolamide + N-Acyltransferase -> N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine + Phospholipase D -> Anandamide

• Herb.co on Anandamide

2-AG

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous agonist of the CB₁ receptor.

2-Arachidonoylglycerol aka. 2-AG was discovered in 1994-1995.

Synthesis of 2-AG: Arachidonic acid -> Phosphatidylinositol + Phospholipase Cs -> w:Diacylglycerol + Diacylglycerol lipase -> 2-AG

N-Arachidonoyl dopamine

N-Arachidonoyl dopamine discovered in 2000.

2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether

2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether discovered in 2001.

Virodhamine

Virodhamine discovered in 2002

Lysophosphatidylinositol

Lysophosphatidylinositol is a contender to be the 6th endocannabinoid.

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Phytocannabinoids

Female Cannabis indica plants. These are often good for pain relief producing a nice body stone.

Many people may know the 2 most prevalent phytocannabinoids, THC and CBD.

Studies about phytocannabinoids

• 'Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb.', a 2009 article

• 'The United Chemicals of Cannabis: Beneficial Effects of Cannabis Phytochemicals on the Brain and Cognition', a 2018 open-access peer-reviewed chapter in Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research

Links about phytocannabinoids

• High Times article on cannabinoids
• HempGazette big list of cannabis cannabinoids. Sourced from

List of known phytocannabinoids from Wikipedia:

• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
• THCA (Tetrahydrocannbinolic acid)
• CBD (Cannabidiol)
• CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)
• CBN (Cannabinol)
• CBG (Cannabigerol)
• CBC (Cannabichromene)
• CBL (Cannabicyclol)
• CBV (Cannabivarin)
• THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
• CBDV (Cannabidivarin)
• CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)
• CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)
• CBGM (Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether)
• CBE (Cannabielsoin)
• CBT (Cannabicitran)

THC

Tetrahydrocannabinol is a partial agonist of CB₁ located mainly in the central nervous system, and the CB₂ receptor mainly expressed in cells of the immune system.

Tetrahydrocannabinol was found in 1964 and it is the main psychoactive compound that brings the 'high' most recreational users are chasing.

• Hightimes in-depth article on THC
• Hightimes article on Delta-8 THC

THCA

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid THCA is the what cannabis plants produce to fend off insects from harming it. In pure form THCA is a clear translucent crystalline of white color.

THC is produced from the raw THCA by a process called decarboxylation. Basically means to heat the stuff over certain temperature.

THCA found in raw marijuana apparently has some health enhancing properties. The issue is being researched.

• https://herb.co/news/health/raw-weed-benefits/
• https://herb.co/learn/eat-raw-weed-marijuana/
• https://thefreshtoast.com/cannabis/marijuanas-thc-a-as-an-anti-inflammatory-and-neuro-protectant/

CBD

Cannabidiol has very low affinity for the cannabinoid CB₁ and CB₂ receptors receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists.

Health benefits of CBD. Photo credit: ThanasStudio

Cannabidiol was isolated and identified from Cannabis sativa in 1940. CBD is not psychoactive and it has the most medical applications of all phytocannabinoids.

“Cannabidiol has little affinity for CB₁ and CB₂ receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists.”

~ Wikipedia on Cannabidiol

• Hightimes in detail piece on CBD
• Leafly lists strains high in CBD
• Piece on CBD as anti-pain agent (contains ads)
• 'Cannabidiol attenuates aggressive behavior induced by social isolation in mice: Involvement of 5-HT1A and CB1 receptors', a 2019 study published in the w:Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. Cannabidiol effects were mediated by CB1 and 5-HT1A receptors.
• WHO preliminary report on CBD

CBDA

Cannabidiolic Acid is the raw form. Decarboxylating CBDA yields CBD.

• https://herb.co/learn/cbda/

CBN

Cannabinol is a sleeping aid and has also other therapeutic qualities.

• https://www.leafly.com/news/science-tech/what-is-cbn-and-what-are-the-benefits-of-this-cannabinoid
• https://www.massroots.com/learn/cannabinol-cbn-cannabinoid/
• https://www.medicaljane.com/2013/08/19/cannabinol-cbn-will-put-you-to-bed/

CBG

Cannabigerol

“Cannabigerol has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in mice. It acts as an α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist, 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist, and CB₁ receptor antagonist. It also binds to the CB₂ receptor.”

~ Wikipedia on Cannabigerol

Links about CBG

• https://comparecbd.com/cbg/

CBC

Cannabichromene

CBL

Cannabicyclol

CBV

Cannabivarin

THCV

Tetrahydrocannabivarin can be used to inhibit appetite.

Links about THCV

• http://herb.co/2017/04/14/tetrahydrocannabivarin-thcv/

CBDV

Cannabidivarin

CBCV

Cannabichromevarin

CBGV

Cannabigerovarin

CBGM

Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether

CBE

Cannabielsoin

CBT

Cannabicitran

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Making cannabinoids with yeasts

Scientists have figured out how to splice the DNA of yeasts, so that they produce cannabinoids.

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Cannflavins

Cannaflavins A and B are very potent anti-inflammatory agents and thus help lessen the pain sensation originating from inflammation.

Scientific articles about cannflavins

• 'Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L.', published in 2019 in Phytochemistry found results that imply the following reaction sequence for cannflavins A and B biosynthesis: luteolin ► chrysoeriol ► cannflavin A and cannflavin B.

Links about cannflavins

• https://www.inverse.com/article/58027-cannflavins-a-and-b-in-cannabis-anti-inflammatory

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Terpenes in cannabis

Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some w:insects.

Links about terpenes found in cannabis

• 'Multiple Sclerosis & Cannabis: It’s All About The Terpenes', a 2017 article
• '15 terpenes in cannabis explained', a 2018 article by CannaCon.org
• 'Terpenes' by Fundación CANNA, a non-profit organization dedicated to scientific studies and cannabis testing
• 'Why terpenes are becoming more important than THC', a 2019 articleon the Spokesman.com

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Synthetic cannabinoids

Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors in the body — the same receptors to which THC and CBD attach – which are cannabinoids in cannabis plants. (Wikipedia)

Word of caution: Many synthetic cannabinoids are dangerous and should not be administered by others than medical professionals.

• List of synthetic cannabinoids on Wikipedia
• Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids on Wikipedia

Links about synthetic cannabinoids

• CalgaryMMC.com lists ACEA so this isn't one is probably not one of the harmful ones

Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) is a synthetic agonist of the CB₁ receptor. (Wikipedia)

Other plants that contain compounds that are active in cannabinoid receptors

1. Echinacea contains N-alkylamides, that function via cannabimemetics to provide immune-boosting and is also used to relieve anxiety, fatigue, migraines and arthritis.
2. Black pepper contains high levels of the terpene called β-caryophyllene (BCP). BCP functions as a cannabinoid, and has a binding affinity with the CB₂ receptor.
3. Flax (linen) seeds produce cannabinoid-like compounds very similar to CBD.
4. Cacao contains lots of magnesium, but also "happy-brain" chemicals like theobromine, phenethylamine, tryptophan, and anandamide. Cacao affects the endocannabinoid system by deactivating the enzyme called FAAH. This enzyme breaks down the endocannabinoid known as anandamide.
5. Black truffles contain anandamide.
6. Helichrysum umbraculigerum contains cannabigerol (CBG).
7. Rhododendron anthopogonoides (Chinese Labrador) contains anthopogocyclolic acid and anthopogochromenic acid and five related compounds known as synthetic analogues of cannabinoids: cannabichromene (CBC) type, cannabicyclol (CBL) type and cannabicitran (CBT) type, have been isolated together with geranyl orsellinic acid.
8. Liverwort contains Perrottetinene, a cannabinoid similar to THC.

• https://herb.co/learn/non-marijuana-plants-contain-cannabinoids/
• https://livelovefruit.com/8-non-marijuana-plants-contain-cannabinoids/
• https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/05/9-plants-that-contain-therapeutic-cannabinoids/

Administering cannabis

There are various other ways to administer cannabis methods besides smoking it:

Vaping cannabis

Cannabis concentrate known as "shatter"

• Vaping (short for vaporizing), a method where the plant material is heated hot enough for the cannabinoids to become gaseous but cold enough that the plant matter does not combust and thus avoiding the carcinogens that come from burning the plant matter. Vaping is also the preferred method to consume concentrates.

Links

• https://herb.co/learn/changing-vaporizer-temperature-affects-high/

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Oral cannabis

Bottle of cannabis tincture

• Edibles, tinctures and cannabis oil may be administered orally. Cannabinoids are soluble to alcohol and to fat and cannabis can be infused into many forms of edibles, but the problem is with efficiency as your stomach acids will destroy a lot of the cannabinoids.

Links

• Harvard Health Blog on edibles
• Do Edibles Give You A Different High Than Smoking? article at tonic.vice.com
• Herb.co article on cannabis tinctures
• Herb.co guide to making cannabis oil (word of caution: the procedure is dangerous as there are risks of explosion if done wrong, so don't be toasted outta it if and when you decide to make cannabis oil)

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Rectal cannabis

• Rectal - some doctors recommend taking cannabis rectally as this is method of administering allows you to take very large doses efficiently.

Links

• https://hightimes.com/health/science/doctors-orders-put-marijuana-in-your-butt-dont-smoke-it/
• https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/03/05/rectal-marijuana_n_15178784.html
• https://inhalemd.com/massachusetts-medical-cannabis-guide/how-to-make-cannabis-suppositories-at-home/
• https://www.leafly.com/news/health/dont-laugh-rectal-suppositories-future-medicinal-cannabis
• https://www.medicaldaily.com/rectal-medical-marijuana-effective-safer-smoking-weed-suppository-wont-be-413077
• https://www.rxleaf.com/tush-kush-what-you-need-to-know-about-suppositories

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Topical cannabis

• Topicals - for some skin affecting conditions this is a good way to administer the medicine. Many skin condition sufferers praise the combination of cannabis and coconut oil to make a topical to apply to the affected skin.

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Naval cannabis

Right under the belly button there is a gland called Pechoti, which some say is a very good way to administer medical cannabis. Naval administration of medicine is a method used by the ancient Ayurvedic medicine.

Links

• https://canna-lance.com/2018/08/27/did-you-know-you-could-consume-cannabis-like-this/
• https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/07/17/26809203/a-new-way-to-consume-cannabis-through-your-belly-button

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Dandelion

A dandelion flower

Dandelion root concentrates found effective against several cancers.

The Dandelion Root Project at University of Windsor, Ontario has studied dandelion root since 2009 and they state on on their website:

“Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells.”

~ The Dandelion Root Project on anti-cancer properties of dandelion root water extract

• #T cell leukemia and dandelion root
• #Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and dandelion root
• #Pancreatic cancer and dandelion root
• #Colon cancer and dandelion root

Scientific studies about dandelion root and cancers

• #Prostate cancer and dandelion root 'Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells', a 2008 study
• #Melanoma and dandelion root 'The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells.', a 2010 study
• #Pancreatic cancer and dandelion root'Selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy through treatment with dandelion root extract in human pancreatic cancer cells.', a 2010 study

Summary of known dandelion health benefits

• https://livelovefruit.com/health-benefits-of-dandelion/

Links about dandelion and cancers

• Dandelion root ‘found to kill’ chemo-resistant melanoma and leukemia a 2019 article at GetHolisticHealth.com chemo-resistant melanoma and leukemia.

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Elderberries

Elderberries

Elderberries (or Elder) belong to the genus w:Sambucus and may be useful for various kinds of flu.

Uses

1. #Common cough and elderberries

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Ginger

Ginger plant

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.

Ginger is in the family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (Curcuma longa), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), and galangal.

“Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel, breast tissue, ovaries, and pancreas, with positive results.”

~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

Links about ginger

• 'Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiberofficinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure', a 2015 study
• '6-gingerol content of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by different drying methods', a 2018 study presented at the 2018 International Congress on Botanical research in Tropical Asia

Chemistry of ginger

The characteristic fragrance and flavor of ginger result from volatile oils that compose 1-3% of the weight of fresh ginger, primarily consisting of zingerone, ls, and gingerols with [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) as the major pungent compound. Zingerone is produced from gingerols during drying, having lower pungency and a spicy-sweet aroma. Shagoals are more pungent and have higher antioxidant activity but not found in raw ginger, but is formed from gingerols during heating, storage or via acidity.

Fresh ginger also contains an enzyme zingibain which is a cysteine protease and has similar properties to rennet.

Ginger rhizome (root)

11 health benefits of ginger at healthline.com (with sources)

1. Ginger contains w:Gingerol, a substance with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
2. Ginger can treat many forms of nausea, especially morning sickness and chemo-induced nausea
3. Ginger may reduce muscle pain and soreness
4. Ginger can help with w:osteoarthritis
5. Ginger may lower blood sugars
6. Ginger can help treat chronic indigestion
7. Ginger powder may significantly reduce menstrual pain
8. Ginger may lower cholesterol levels
9. Ginger contains gingerol, which may help to prevent cancers
10. Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease
11. Gingerol can help lower risk of infections

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Pineapple

Pineapple is effective cough medicine due to its Bromelain content.

Pineapple fruit and it's stem contain Bromelain, an enzyme with anti-cough properties.

In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain accounts for many therapeutic benefits like the treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and thrombophlebitis, debridement of wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly antibiotics.

Uses

1. #Common cough and pineapple

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Polyphenols

“Polyphenols also known as polyhydroxyphenols) are a structural class of mainly natural, but also synthetic or semisynthetic, organic chemicals.”

~ Wikipedia on polyphenols

More than 8,000 types of polyphenols have been identified. They can be further categorized into 4 main groups

1. Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites. (Wikipedia). These account for around 60% of all polyphenols. Examples include quercetin, kaempferol, catechins, and anthocyanins, which are found in foods like apples, onions, dark chocolate, and red cabbage.
2. Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compound (Wikipedia). This group accounts for around 30% of all polyphenols. Examples include stilbenes and lignans, which are mostly found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and seeds.
3. Polyphenolic amides. This category includes capsaicinoids in chili peppers and avenanthramides in oats.
4. Other polyphenols. This group includes resveratrol in red wine, ellagic acid in berries, curcumin in turmeric, and lignans in flax seeds, sesame seeds, and whole grains.

Scientific articles

• Compendium of scientific studies about polyphenols at ScienceDirect.com
• 'The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review' , a mini-review article published in w:Frontiers Media's Frontiers in Nutrition in 2018-11

In Wikipedia

• Health effects of phenols and polyphenols

Links

• HealthLine.com on polyphenols

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Spirulina

Spirulina powder at 400X, wet mount.

Spirulina is a biomass of a (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals. The two species are Arthrospira platensis and A. maxima. ( Wikipedia )

Spirulina is extremely high in protein, contains an almost perfect balance of Omega-3 to Omega-6, and is rich in the following minerals: iron, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. It also contains high levels of vitamin A, C, E, K, B6, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin and thiamin.

Spirulina has been found to help against

• HIV/AIDS
• Beneficial for Type 2 Diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels and helping with w:blood lipids composition
• Candida
• Cancers because of its high C-phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance and anti-cancer properties
• Binding to w:heavy metals and therefore aiding in their removal
• Heart disease
• Allergies

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Stevia

Stevia rebaudiana

Stevia is a sweetener and sugar substitute extracted from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana, native to Brazil and Paraguay.

Medical uses of stevia

1. Stevia kills lyme disease

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Tea

• http://www.nursingdegree.net/blog/18/33-health-benefits-of-drinking-tea/

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Turmeric

Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) of genus Curcuma.

Turmeric, used as spice, medicine and dye is made of ground roots of Curcuma Longa.

Turmeric contains curcumin, a curcuminoid.

Studies regarding turmeric

• 'Curcumin ingestion and exercise training improve vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal women.', a 2012 study. + LiveLoveFruit.com reporting on the study
• 'Attenuation of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome by Various Dosages of Curcumin in Comparison with Clonidine in Mouse: Possible Mechanism' , a 2015 study

See also: Cancers and cannabis (intra-article link)

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Information sources on natural therapeutics

• https://www.anniesremedy.com/
• Get Holistic Health publishes lots of articles on natural therapeutics, but also other topics.
• GreenMedinfo - The Science of Natural Healing
• HealthLine.com contains a myriad of information about different medical conditions and in addition to having info on conditions and natural therapeutics it also covers main stream medications
• Hemp Edification blog
• https://herbalremediesbook.com/
• https://livelovefruit.com/ is excellent website on health tips / natural therapeutics by Carly Fraser, a professional in the field.
• United Patients Group focuses on the healing potential of cannabis, but also carries stories on other natural therapeutics. United Patients Group also maintains and updates a directory of medical cannabis health care professionals and clinics.