Law: Difference between revisions

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== Law ==
== Law ==


In law particular case interpretations are ''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]'' from the general law. ( Teacher )
In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law. ( Teacher )


=== Business law ===
=== Business law ===
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''', is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.It is often considered to be a branch of [[w:Civil law (common law)|civil law]] and deals with issues of both [[w:private law|private law]] and [[w:public law|public law]]. ( Wikipedia )
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]'''Julkisoikeus, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.It is often considered to be a branch of '''[[w:Civil law (common law)|civil law]]'''  ( [[w:fi:Säädösoikeus]] )and deals with issues of both '''[[w:private law|private law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Yksityisoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:public law|public law]]'''  ( [[w:fi:Julkisoikeus]] ). ( Wikipedia )


'''[[w:Outline of commercial law|This article outlines commercial law]]''' and contains among other things  
'''[[w:Outline of commercial law|This article outlines commercial law]]''' and contains among other things  
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* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] )
* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] )
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] )
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] )
* A '''[[w:tort]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vahingonkorvausoikeus]] ), in [[w:common law]] jurisdictions, is a [[w:civil wrong]] which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in [[w:legal liability]] for the person who commits the tortious act, called a ''tortfeasor''. Although [[w:crime]]s may be torts, the [[w:cause of action|cause of legal action]] is not necessarily a crime as the harm may be due to [[w:negligence]] which does not amount to [[w:criminal negligence]].


'''Levels of negligence'''
'''Levels of negligence'''

Revision as of 11:47, 21 August 2013

Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior”

~ Wikipedia on law


Law

In law particular case interpretations are deduced from the general law. ( Teacher )

Business law

Commercial law, also known as business lawJulkisoikeus, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales.It is often considered to be a branch of civil law ( w:fi:Säädösoikeus )and deals with issues of both private law ( w:fi:Yksityisoikeus ) and public law ( w:fi:Julkisoikeus ). ( Wikipedia )

This article outlines commercial law and contains among other things

Resources

Resources in Finnish / Resurssseja Suomeksi

Law classes

Law class week 4

Levels of negligence

  • Minor negligence
  • w:Negligence ( The area of tort law known as negligence involves harm caused by carelessness, not intentional harm. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Gross negligence is a legal concept which means serious carelessness. ( Wikipedia )
  • Willful intention

w:Corporate law (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how w:shareholders, directors, w:employees, w:creditors, and other stakeholders such as w:consumers, the w:community and the environment interact with one another. Corporate law is a part of a broader w:companies law (or law of business associations).

Relevant corporate laws in Finland are w:fi:Osakeyhtiölaki for LTD's and w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki for PLC's.

Non-incorporated businesses include among others w:General partnership ( w:fi:Avoin yhtiö ) and w:Limited partnership ( w:fi:Kommandiittiyhtiö )

Law class week 5

Topics: Compensation law, Product liability

  • Compensation law
  • In law, Damages are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Force majeure is a common clause in contracts that essentially frees both parties from liability or obligation when an extraordinary event or circumstance beyond the control of the parties, such as a war, strike, riot, crime, or an event described by the legal term act of God (such as hurricane, flooding, earthquake, volcanic eruption, etc.), prevents one or both parties from fulfilling their obligations under the contract. ( Wikipedia )

Making a contract:

  1. ) Preparatory stage
  2. ) Contract period
  3. ) End of contract
w:Boilerplate (text) is any text that is or can be reused in new contexts or applications without being changed much from the original. ( Wikipedia )

Protecting w:intellectual property:

  1. )A 'patent (/ˈpætənt/ or /ˈpeɪtənt/) is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of w:exclusive rights granted by a w:sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.
  2. ) w:Utility model ( small patent )
  3. ) A w:trademark is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia )

Law class week 7

Topics: Contract law deals with w:contracts

  • A w:waiver is the voluntary relinquishment or surrender of some known right or privilege. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Good faith - In w:law, bona fides denotes the mental and moral states of honesty and conviction regarding either the truth or the falsity of a proposition, or of a body of opinion; likewise regarding either the rectitude or the depravity of a line of conduct. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Labour law (also called labor law or employment law) is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, w:working people and their organizations. ( Wikipedia )
  • In contract law, w:rescission has been defined as the unmaking of a contract between parties.[1] Rescission is the unwinding of a transaction. This is done to bring the parties, as far as possible, back to the position in which they were before they entered into a contract (the w:status quo ante). ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia )

Law class week 9

Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to w:Consumer protection ), Companies law

  • w:Companies law (or the w:law of business associations) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. w:Corporate law is a subset of companies law relating to incorporated bodies.
  • w:Consumer protection it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Articles of association ( w:fi:yhtiöjärjestys ) is a document which, along with the memorandum of association (in cases where the memorandum exists) form the company's constitution, defining the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert control over the board of directors. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Preferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares or simply preferreds) is an equity security with properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. ( Wikipedia )
  • w:Convertible bond or a convertible note (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of bond that the holder can convert into shares of w:common stock in the issuing company or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition )

Law class week 10

Topics: w:Company law continues, wrap-up

Law class week 11

Final examination