Marketing

“Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers, for the purpose of selling the product or service. It is a critical business function for attracting customers.”

~ Wikipedia on marketing

GloBBA marketing curriculum

Courses as of 2014

For all GloBBA students

1. Services Marketing - w:Services marketing ( fi:palvelumarkkinointi
2. Corporate Social Responsibility - w:Corporate responsibility ( w:fi:Yhteiskuntavastuu )
3. Customer oriented operations planning (marketing)

Free choice studies:

1. Nonprofit-markkinointi

Sales and marketing specialization track

1. Creative Corporate and Marketing Communication
2. Innovation Management for Global Competitiviness
3. Strategic Business-to-Business Relationship Management
4. Successful Event
5. Business-to-Business Selling and Sales Management‎

w:Marketing Operations
Key concepts
w:Adobe • w:Automation • w:Benchmarking Best Practices • Budget w:Cisco Systems • CMO Data Privacy • Data Quality Data Warehouses • Database Marketing Demand Generation w:Digital Asset Management w:Enterprise Marketing Management Flow Charts • w:Forrester Research w:Gartner • IDC • w:Infrastructure Lead Generation • M&A Integration Marketing Automation Marketing Operations Marketing Chief of Staff w:Marketing Operations Management Marketing Performance Measurement Marketing Resource Management (MRM) Process Optimization Organizational Development Process • Professional Development Strategic Planning w:Web Content Management

Services Marketing

Economical activity can be divided to services and w:goods. Often these are packaged together for greater utility for the consumer buying and higher wins for the business selling.

w:Service economy ( w:fi:Palveluyhteiskunta )is a huge share of the World w:GDP. w:Marketing ( w:fi:Markkinointi ) can be a valuable tool for both business purposes of the business selling the service and also from the viewpoint of the w:consumer

Services can be:

1. Tangible service - w:Tangibility is the attribute of being easily detectable with the senses. ( Wikipedia )
2. Intangible service w:Intangibility is used in marketing to describe the inability to assess the value gained from engaging in an activity using any tangible evidence. ( Wikipedia )
3. or a mix of both.

w:Marketing mix consists of The w:4P's as follows:

1. Product - What is it? What need does it satisfy?
2. Price - How much? Price is a marketing decision ( sic. )
3. Place - Where? Do I have to go to big mall or can I get it from corner shoppe? Webshoppe? Physical location? Both? ( win )
4. Promotion - Advertising ( Image marketing, novelty marketing and price marketing )

How is the consumer informed of the

• Availability of a product or service
• Price levels
• Service levels in an industry?

In services marketing there is also the w:Seven Ps, the last three being

1. People
2. Process and
3. Physical evidence

Corporate Social Responsibility

“CSR is ethics in action”

~ jubo-jubo on CSR

Customer oriented operations planning (marketing)

Customer oriented operations planning (marketing)

• Customer (also known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or idea, obtained from a w:seller, w:vendor, or supplier for a monetary or other valuable consideration. ( Wikipedia )
• Oriented
• Operations The outcome of business operations is the harvesting of value from assets owned by a business. Assets can be either physical or intangible. ( Wikipedia )
• Planning (also called forethought) is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal. ( Wikipedia )
• Marketing is the process of w:communicating the value of a product or service to w:customers. ( Wikipedia )

Customer oriented operations planning (marketing) - Session 1

• Viral marketing, viral advertising, or marketing buzz are buzzwords referring to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networking services and other technologies to try to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of viruses or computer viruses (cf. Internet memes and memetics). ( Wikipedia )

• The K-factor can be used to describe the growth rate of websites, apps, or a customer base. ( Wikipedia )

• Engagement marketing ( w:fi:Engagement-markkinointi ), sometimes called "experiential marketing," "event marketing", "live marketing" or "participation marketing," is a marketing strategy that directly engages consumers and invites and encourages w:consumers to participate in the evolution of a w:brand. ( Wikipedia )

• Tacit knowledge( w:fi:Hiljainen tieto ) (as opposed to formal or w:explicit knowledge) is the kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalising it.

• Database marketing in the 80's and 90's then in the 00's evolved to modern w:Customer relationship management.

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Customer oriented operations planning (marketing) - Session 2

• Feature - What it is?
• Advantage - What will it do ?
• Benefit - WIIFM ?

Customer oriented operations planning (marketing) - Session 3

• w:Market segmentation ( w:fi:Segmentointi ) is a w:marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad w:target market into subsets of w:consumers who have common needs (and/or common desires) as well as common applications for the relevant goods and services. ( Wikipedia )
• A w:persona ( w:fi:Persoonallisuus ) (plural personae or personas), in the word's everyday usage, is a social role or a character played by an actor.
• In w:marketing, positioning is the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. ( Wikipedia )

• A value proposition is a promise of value ( w:fi:Arvo (talous) ) to be delivered and a belief from the customer that value will be experienced. A value proposition can apply to an entire organization, or parts thereof, or customer accounts, or products or services. ( Wikipedia )

Terminology for COOPM marketing exam

• w:Marketing strategy is the goal of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.

Marketing strategy includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation, evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contribute to the goals of the company and its marketing objectives. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Marketing mix a.k.a. the w:4P's ( product, price, place, promotion )

• w:Market Segmentation is a w:marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad w:target market into subsets of w:consumers who have common needs, And then be designed and implemented to target these specific customer segments, addressing needs or desires that are believed to be common in this segment, using media that is used by the market segment. ( Wikipedia )

w:Undifferentiated segmentation

w:Differentiated segmentation

• w:Market positioning

In w:marketing, positioning is the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, w:brand, or organization. ( Wikipedia )

• Consumer behavior or buyer behaviour

w:Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. ( Wikipedia )

• Concentrated (niche) w:marketing

w:Niche marketing redirects to w:niche market which is a subset of the market on which a specific product is focusing. So the market niche defines the specific product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs, as well as the w:price range, production quality and the w:demographics that is intended to impact. It is also a small market segment. ( Wikipedia )

Market Nicher is a company that sells a product or service that few other companies provide:

A true market nicher has a distinctive product that appeals strongly to a particular consumer segment. ( Soile )

• Marketing intermediaries ( w:fi:Välittäjä )

An intermediary (or go-between) is a third party that offers intermediation services between two trading parties. The intermediary acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer. Typically the intermediary offers some added value to the transaction that may not be possible by direct trading. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Customer relationship management or CRM( w:fi:Asiakkuudenhallinta ) is a model for managing a company’s interactions with current and future w:customers. It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize w:sales, w:marketing, w:customer service, and w:technical support. ( Wikipedia )

Customer w:relationship marketing was first defined as a form of marketing developed from direct response marketing campaigns which emphasizes w:customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on sales transactions. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Product line

w:Product lining is the w:marketing strategy of offering several related products for sale as individual units. Unlike w:product bundling, where several products are combined into one group, which is then offered for sale as a unit, product lining involves offering the products for sale separately. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Price and w:pricing strategies

w:Pricing is the process of determining what a company will receive in exchange for its products. Pricing factors are w:manufacturing cost, market place, competition, market condition, and quality of product. ( Wikipedia )

w:Pricing strategies for products or services encompass three main ways to improve profits. These are that the business owner can cut costs or sell more, or find more profit with a better pricing strategy. When costs are already at their lowest and sales are hard to find, adopting a better pricing strategy is a key option to stay viable. ( Wikipedia )

A plethora of models of pricing exist.

• Variety seeking buyer behavior

• w:Needs, w:wants, demands of the w:consumer affect the purchase process.

• Purchase process

For a business w:purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquiring goods or services to accomplish the goals of its enterprise. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Value proposition

A value proposition is a promise of value to be delivered and a belief from the customer that value will be experienced. A value proposition can apply to an entire organization, or parts thereof, or customer accounts, or products or services. ( Wikipedia )

• Levels of product ( w:fi:Tuote )

• Business Buyer Behavior ( purchasing & procurement )

w:Procurement is the acquisition of goods, services or works from an external source. It is favorable that the goods, services or works are appropriate and that they are procured at the best possible cost to meet the needs of the purchaser in terms of quality and quantity, time, and location (Weele 2010). ( Wikipedia )

• w:Convenience w:product

Convenient procedures, products and services are those intended to increase ease in accessibility, save resources (such as time, effort and energy) and decrease frustration. ( Wikipedia )

• Opinion leader

• w:Derived demand

Derived demand is a term in economics, where w:demand for a w:factor of production or w:intermediate good occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or w:final good.

• w:Shopping product ( w:fi:Shoppailu )

• w:Perception, w:attitude, w:belief affect consumer behaviour.

• w:Specialty product

• Complex buying behavior

• w:Brand ( noun ) ( w:fi:Brändi ) - branding ( verb )

Brand is the "name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers."

Brand management is a communication function that includes analysis and planning on how that brand is positioned in the market, which target public the brand is targeted at, and maintaining a desired reputation of the brand. Developing a good relationship with target publics is essential for brand management. Tangible elements of brand management include the product itself; look, price, the packaging, etc. The intangible elements are the experience that the consumer takes away from the brand, and also the relationship that they have with that brand. A brand manager would oversee all of these things.

For more info see w:Category:Types of branding

• w:Habitual buyer behavior

• w:Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services. ( Wikipedia )

• Product Mix

• w:Marketing channels

A marketing channel is a set of practices or activities necessary to transfer the ownership of goods, and to move goods, from the point of production to the point of consumption and, as such, which consists of all the w:institutions and all the w:marketing activities in the marketing process. ( Wikipedia )

• Conventional w:distribution channel

Product distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the w:marketing mix. Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user, using direct means, or using indirect means with w:intermediaries.

• w:Vertical marketing systems

A vertical market is a w:market in which vendors offers good and services specific to an w:industry, trade, w:profession, or other group of w:customers with specialized needs. It is distinguished from a w:horizontal market, in which vendors offer a broad range of goods and services to a large group of customers with wide range of needs, such as w:businesses as a whole, men, women, w:households, or, in the broadest horizontal market, everyone.

• w:Horizontal marketing systems

A horizontal market is a market which meets a given need of a wide variety of industries, rather than a specific one, in contrast to a vertical market.

• Multichannel distribution systems

w:Multichannel marketing is marketing using many different marketing channels to reach a customer.

• w:Retailing ( w:fi:Vähittäiskauppa )

• w:Warehousing ( w:fi:Varasto )

• w:Promotional mix

There are five main aspects of a promotional mix. These are:

• w:Advertising ( w:fi:Mainonta ) - Presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. Examples: Print ads, radio, television, billboard, direct mail, brochures and catalogs, signs, in-store displays, posters, motion pictures, Web pages, banner ads, and emails.
• w:Personal selling - A process of helping and persuading one or more prospects to purchase a good or service or to act on any idea through the use of an oral presentation. Examples: Sales presentations, sales meetings, sales training and incentive programs for intermediary salespeople, samples, and telemarketing. Can be face-to-face selling or via telephone.
• w:Sales promotion ( w:fi:Myynninedistäminen ) - Media and non-media marketing communication are employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Examples: Coupons, sweepstakes, contests, product samples, rebates, tie-ins, self-liquidating premiums, trade shows, trade-ins, and exhibitions.
• w:Public relations ( w:fi:Tiedotus- ja suhdetoiminta ) - Paid intimate stimulation of supply for a product, service, or business unit by planting significant news about it or a favorable presentation of it in the media. Examples: Newspaper and magazine articles/reports, TVs and radio presentations, charitable contributions, speeches, issue advertising, and seminars.
• w:Direct Marketing ( w:fi:Suoramarkkinointi ) is a channel-agnostic form of advertising that allows businesses and nonprofits to communicate straight to the customer, with advertising techniques such as mobile messaging, email, interactive consumer websites, online display ads, fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters, and outdoor advertising.

w:Corporate image Corporate image may also be considered as the sixth aspect of promotion mix. The Image of an organization is a crucial point in marketing. If the reputation of a company is bad, consumers are less willing to buy a product from this company as they would have been, if the company had a good image. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Integrated marketing communications ( obs. plural according to Wikipedia ) or (IMC)

Integerated marketing communications is an approach to w:brand communications where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customer and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brand’s core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, w:public relations, w:direct marketing, personal selling, online communications and w:social media work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation, which in turn maximizes their cost effectiveness. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Selling process results in w:sales

• Trade promotion

In w:business and w:marketing, “trade” refers to the relationship between w:manufacturers and w:retailers. Trade Promotion refers to marketing activities that are executed in w:retail between these two partners. Trade Promotion is a marketing technique aimed at increasing demand for products in w:retail stores based on special pricing, display fixtures, demonstrations, value-added bonuses, no-obligation gifts, and more. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Competitive advantage

Competitive advantage seeks to address some of the criticisms of w:comparative advantage. w:Michael Porter proposed the theory in 1985. Competitive advantage theory suggests that states and businesses should pursue policies that create high-quality goods to sell at high prices in the market. ( Wikipedia )

• w:Market positions:

1. w:Market leader i.e. dominant player in a market. Market dominance is a measure of the strength of a w:brand, product, service, or firm, relative to competitive offerings. There is often a geographic element to the competitive landscape. In defining market dominance, you must see to what extent a product, brand, or firm controls a product category in a given geographic area. ( Wikipedia )
2. w:Market challenger also redirects to w:Dominance (economics)
3. Market follower

• w:Marketing concept redirects to w:customer relationship management.

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Creative Corporate and Marketing Communication

Creative Corporate and Marketing Communication - Week 1

• Brand is the "name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's product distinct from those of other sellers." ( Wikipedia )

• Brand management is a communication function in marketing that includes analysis and planning on how that brand is positioned in the market, which target public the brand is targeted at, and maintaining a desired reputation of the brand ( Wikipedia )

• The outward expression of a brand – including its name, trademark, communications, and visual appearance – is brand identity. ( Wikipedia on Brand identity )

• Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. ( Wikipedia )

• A blog (a truncation of the expression weblog) is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries ("posts") typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears first). ( Wikipedia )

• Blogger(.com) is a blog-publishing service that allows multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries. It was developed by Pyra Labs, which was bought by Google in 2003. Generally, the blogs are hosted by Google at a subdomain of blogspot.com. A user can have up to 100 blogs per account. ( Wikipedia )

• WordPress(.org) for hosting blog self (.com) for hosted blogs is a free and open-source blogging tool and a content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL. ( Wikipedia )

Jubo-jubo's review of video editing software

Video editing software is application software which handles the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a computer non-linear editing system (NLE). ( Wikipedia )

A non-linear editing system (NLE) is a video (NLVE) or audio editing (NLAE) digital audio workstation (DAW) system that performs non-destructive editing on source material. The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of linear video editing and film editing. ( Wikipedia )

Various editors exist for various platforms or so called software ecosystems

Wikipedia lists of video editing software

• List of free and open-source software packages - Section Video editing
• List of video editing software
• Comparison of video editing software
• Comparison of video encoders

Lists of video editing software on the Internet

• Top 3 Linux video editors listed by Linux.com - OpenShot, Blender, Cinelerra

• Top 8 video editors by linuxlinks.com - w:Kdenlive, w:OpenShot, Kino, w:Cinelerra, w:LiVES, w:PiTiVi, Open Movie Editor and w:Avidemux

• Top 19 Video editing softwares for Windows by webseasoning.com. #1 w:Lightworks (lwks.com) MSFT #2 with w:Windows Movie Maker 2.6, a free/gratuit freeware download from Microsoft. 100% legal and #3 w:VirtualDub.

Runners up: ZS4 Video Editor, Wax, Cinefx Jashaka, w:Blender (software), Avidemux, MovieStorm, Movica, Video Spin, AVIedit, StoryBoard Pro Software, AVI Trimmer, Zwei-Stein, DVDVideoSoft Free, AVITricks Video Editor, DVD Knife and Mewa Film

FOSS and/or run on GNU/Linux video editors

• Avidemux(.org) is a free and open-source video editing program licensed under the GPL and designed for video editing and video processing available for Linux, OS X, Windows and some BSD flavour. (download page)
• AviSynth(.nl) (wiki) is a video editor for GNU/Linux and is licensed under w:GNU GPL

• Blender(.org) - Blender is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product licensed under GNU GPL and is used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. It is available for GNU/Linux, OS X and Windows.

Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, w:match moving, w:camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. Alongside the modeling features it also has an integrated game engine. ( Wikipedia )

• Cinelerra @ heroinewarrior.com for GNU/Linux
• DScaler is an open-source video deinterlacer and scaling program for Microsoft Windows. ( Wikipedia )
• DVD Flick - Stalled years ago
• Kaltura(.org) w:Freemium The main components of Kaltura's online video platform are based on software, enabling any site to add advanced video and rich-media capabilities.
• Kdenlive (.org) is a versatile and easy to use editing software available under w:copyleft ( I have some proficiency in this handy FLGOSS candy ) ( jubo-jubo )
• Kino was an non-linear video editor.
• LiVES@ sourceforge.net - GNU/Linux and various other *NIX
• OpenShot Video Editor(.org) - written in w:python ( editors note: python is known to be good to those who speak it )for GNU/Linux
• Pitivi(.org) also written in python. For GNU/Linux
• VirtualDub(.org) - for Windows, licensed under GPL
• VirtualDubMod - Defunct
• VideoLAN Movie Creator@ videolan.org - In early development phase — VLMC is a non-linear editing software for video creation based on libVLC and running on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. ( Wikipdia ) Released under GPL ( GNU General Public Licence, one of the leading w:copyleft licenses. All who have used the w:VLC know of its high quality on all platforms.

( list from Wikipedia list of free and open-source software packages - Section Video editing )

Video editors for OS X

Stock ticker symbol: AAPL

• w:iMovie is installed on OS X by default
• I have no working mac. iMovie is probably easy to use. Also innovativeness associated with their GUI
• It is possible to install kdenlive also on OS X. It can handily be done with less then 10 lines of commands into the command line interface of choice, mainly installing the ports w:repository

Video editors for Windows

• w:Windows Movie Maker (Ticker symbol: MSFT ) (Free download from Microsoft) runs on Windows7 and WindowsXP

Creative Corporate and Marketing Communication - Week 2 - Integrated marketing communication

• Corporate communication is a set of activities involved in managing and orchestrating all internal and external communications aimed at creating favourable point of view among stakeholders on which the company depends.

It is the messages issued by a corporate organization, body, or institute to its audiences, such as employees, media, channel partners and the general public. Organizations aim to communicate the same message to all its stakeholders, to transmit coherence, credibility and ethic.

Corporate communications help organizations explain their mission, combine its many visions and values into a cohesive message to stakeholders. The concept of corporate communication could be seen as an integrative communication structure linking stakeholders to the organization. ( Wikipedia )

• Marketing communications are messages and related media used to communicate with a market.

Marketing communications is the "promotion" part of the "marketing mix" or the "four Ps": price, place, promotion, and product. It can also refer to the strategy used by a company or individual to reach their target market through various types of communication. ( Wikipedia )

• Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is the application of consistent brand messaging across both traditional and non-traditional marketing channels and using different promotional methods to reinforce each other. ( Wikipedia )

• Multichannel marketing is the ability to interact with potential customers on various platforms.

In this sense, a channel might be a retail store, a web site, a mail order catalogue, or direct personal communications by letter, email or text message. ( Wikipedia )

• Emotional branding is a term used within marketing communication that refers to the practice of building brands that appeal directly to a consumer's emotional state, needs and aspirations. ( Wikipedia )

• Global marketing is “marketing on a worldwide scale reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives". ( Wikipedia )

• Advertising is a form of marketing communication used to persuade an audience to take or continue some action, usually with respect to a commercial offering, or political or ideological support. ( Wikipedia )

In Latin, ad vertere means "to turn toward".

Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through "branding", which involves associating a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. ( Wikipedia )

• An advertising agency or ad agency or advert agency is a service based business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion) for its clients. ( Wikipedia )

• Storytelling in marketing is increasingly used in advertising today in order to build customer loyalty. ( Wikipedia )

• A storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. ( Wikipedia )

See also

• • Animation
  • Filmmaking
  • Graphic organizer
  • Previsualization
  • Pre-production
  • Screenplay
  • Screenwriting
  • Script breakdown
  • List of film-related topics... ( Wikipedia article on storyboard see also section )

Successful Event

Teacher: Anna Hankimaa

Successful Event - Session 1

• Event management is the application of project management to the creation and development of large scale events such as festivals, conferences, ceremonies, formal parties, concerts, or conventions.

It involves studying the brand, identifying the target audience, devising the event concept, planning the logistics and coordinating the technical aspects before actually launching the event.

The process of planning and co-ordinating the event is usually referred to as event planning and can include budgeting, scheduling, site selection, acquiring necessary permits, coordinating transportation and parking, arranging for speakers or entertainers, arranging decor, event security, catering and emergency plans. ( Wikipedia )

• Content marketing is any marketing that involves the creation and sharing of media and publishing content in order to acquire and retain customers.

This information can be presented in a variety of formats, including news, video, white papers, e-books, infographics, case studies, how-to guides, question and answer articles, photos, etc. ( Wikipedia )

What are the elements of a successful event?

• Participants -> target group
• Venue, location, logistics, catering and beverages
• Promotion, communication
• Financing, planning -> profit
• Customer satisfaction -> customer experience -> feedback
• Content -> program
• Project management ->

• • Timeline
  • Task and responsibilities
  • Risk management
  • Contact with customer

• Benchmarking with others / goal, target, purpose

Successful Event - Session 2

Event types:

• Seminar
• Trade fair or other fair
• Internal / staff / recreational event.

• • A classic example is the Pikkujoulu
  • Team building event
  • Workplace well-being event
  • Job training event ( off-the-job or on-the-job training )

• Cocktail party
• Launch party / dot com party (often known as an internet party or more generally, a launch party) is a social and business networking party hosted by an Internet-related business, typically for promotional purposes or to celebrate a corporate event such as a product launch, venture funding round, or corporate acquisition. ( Wikipedia )
• Press / News conference
• Charity events / Fundraising
• Festivals
• Sponsor event

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Nonprofit-markkinointi

• See Nonprofit-markkinointi a free choice studies course

Read more on marketing:

• w:Shopper marketing
• w:Category:Types of marketing