Logistics and SCM
“Logistics ( w:fi:Logistiikka ) is the management of the flow of resources between the point of origin and in order to meet some requirements, for example, of customers or corporations. The resources managed in logistics can include physical items, such as food, materials, equipment, liquids, and staff, as well as abstract items, such as time, information, particles, and energy. The logistics of physical items usually involves the integration of information flow, material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often security. The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized, and optimized by dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of resources is a common motivation.”
A w:supply chain ( w:fi:Toimitusketju ) is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to w:customer. ( Wikipedia )
w:Supply chain management (SCM) ( w:fi:Toimitusketjujen ja logistiikan hallintajärjestelmä ) is the management of a network of interconnected w:businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a w:supply chain. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of w:raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. ( Wikipedia )
w:Mode of transport is a term used to distinguish substantially different ways to perform transport. ( Wikipedia )
w:Reverse logistics stands for all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is "the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal. ( Wikipedia )
The w:waste hierarchy is a classification of w:waste management options in order of their environmental impact, such as: reduction, w:reuse, w:recycling and recovery.
Mode of sea transport over time: Sail - Steamship (S/S) ( approx. 1770 - early 1900's ) - Motor Ship ( M/S) - w:Containerization ( 1960's) - LNG powered ships ( 2010's )